First published in 1967. This revolutionary work defined a phrase that had become a central part of the Civil Rights vocabulary. Stokely Carmichael and Charles V. Hamilton exposed the depths of systemic racism in America and provided aviable political framework for reform. African-Americans could no longer afford to believe that their liberation would come through traditional political processes: true and lasting social change would only be accomplished through their unity and independence from the pre-existing order. The book continues to be of relevance to the racial climate today. Bibiography, Index. 230p.